Roman coinage began to circulate in the region as trade between the Roman Empire and the East flourished during the last century BC, partly fuelled by the incense trade. This golden aureus of Augustus was struck in 19 or 18 BC at an eastern mint, perhaps Pergamon in Turkey. Its reverse side shows Victory riding a bull, commemorating a successful campaign in Armenia. This coin was purchased on the antiquities market but is thought to have been taken from Mleiha.

Spearheads like this, distinguished by the socket used to attach the shaft, became very common around 2000 BC. They were buried with the warriors in large stone-built collective tombs. Their metal was mined and smelted in the mountains of the Arabian Peninsula. The spearheads would have been used as thrusting weapons and also for hunting. Smaller examples could have been used as javelin tips for throwing. Similar weapons are found in neighbouring regions, including Bahrain, Iraq, Syria and the Levant.

At the start of the Iron Age new styles of softstone vessels appeared. This canister jar, with its elongated shape and decoration of straight lines and chevrons, is typical of the period. It has pierced lugs, suggesting that it could have been suspended from the wall or roof of a dwelling. This example was found on the surface at Muweilah and brought into the museum for identification. It was one of the first indications that an important site lay beneath the sands.